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Gender Differences in Obesity-Related Cancers.
Georgia Argyrakopoulou1, Maria Dalamaga2, Nikolaos Spyrou2
1Diabetes and Obesity Unit, Athens Medical Center, Distomou 5-7, Amaroussio, 15127, Athens, Greece. gargyrakopoulou@gmail.com.
Current Obesity Reports
|February 1, 2021
Summary
Obesity significantly increases cancer risk, particularly in women, affecting sites like the breast and endometrium. Bariatric surgery may reduce this risk, highlighting the importance of obesity prevention strategies.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Metabolic Syndrome
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Overweight and obesity are linked to a substantial proportion of cancer diagnoses.
- Specific cancer sites show a higher incidence in relation to body mass index (BMI).
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of obesity in carcinogenesis across various cancer sites.
- To detail gender differences in obesity-related cancers.
- To examine the impact of bariatric surgery on cancer risk.
Main Methods:
- Literature review summarizing existing evidence on obesity and cancer.
- Analysis of data on BMI and cancer incidence.
- Examination of mechanisms linking obesity to cancer.
- Review of studies on bariatric surgery outcomes.
Main Results:
- Obesity is linked to 55% of cancers in women and 24% in men.
- Higher BMI correlates with increased risk for gynecologic, gastrointestinal, liver, kidney, and thyroid cancers.
- Mechanisms include altered insulin, sex hormone, and adipocytokine levels.
- Gender disparities exist, with higher incidence in women for some cancers and in men for others (e.g., esophageal adenocarcinoma).
- Bariatric surgery shows potential in reducing overall cancer risk, especially in women within 5 years post-surgery.
Conclusions:
- Obesity drives metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory changes that increase cancer risk in both genders.
- Implementing early obesity prevention is crucial to mitigate rising cancer rates.
- Further research into gender-specific risks and surgical interventions is warranted.
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