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The human gut virome: form and function.

Lesley A Ogilvie1, Brian V Jones1

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The human gut virome, dominated by bacteriophages, plays a crucial role in microbial ecosystem health and disease. Research into the gut phageome offers insights into host-microbiome interactions and potential therapeutic applications.

Keywords:
bacteriophageshuman gutphageomevirome

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Virology
  • Metagenomics

Background:

  • Next-generation sequencing and metagenomics have significantly advanced gut microbiome research.
  • The human gut harbors a diverse viral community, the virome, including abundant bacteriophages (phages).
  • Phages are key components of the gut microbial ecosystem, influencing its structure and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current knowledge of the human gut virome, focusing on bacteriophages.
  • To explore the ecological and evolutionary roles of the gut phageome.
  • To discuss the phageome's impact on host-microbiome interactions, community stability, and human health.

Main Methods:

  • Metagenomic sequencing of viral communities in the human gut.
  • Bioinformatic analysis of viral genomes and populations.
  • Review and synthesis of existing literature on the gut virome and phageome.

Main Results:

  • Bacteriophages are a dominant and functionally significant component of the human gut virome.
  • The gut phageome influences microbial community dynamics, host-microbiome interactions, and overall ecosystem stability.
  • Emerging concepts include a 'core healthy gut phageome,' 'viral enterotypes,' and 'viral dysbiosis.'

Conclusions:

  • The human gut phageome is integral to gut ecosystem functioning and evolution.
  • Understanding the phageome is critical for comprehending host-microbiome interactions and maintaining gut health.
  • Future research on the gut phageome holds potential for novel therapeutic strategies in human health and disease.