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Updated: Nov 18, 2025

Dry Film Photoresist-based Electrochemical Microfluidic Biosensor Platform: Device Fabrication, On-chip Assay Preparation, and System Operation
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Recent developments in flow modeling and fluid control for paper-based microfluidic biosensors.

Sidharth Modha1, Carlos Castro2, Hideaki Tsutsui3

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.

Biosensors & Bioelectronics
|February 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Paper-based biosensors offer affordable diagnostics. This review explores theoretical models and flow control strategies for advanced paper-microfluidic devices, crucial for resource-limited settings.

Keywords:
Capillary flowFlow controlLucas-Washburn equationModelingPaper-based microfluidics

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Paper has emerged as a cost-effective substrate for biosensor development over the past decade.
  • The field of paper-microfluidics has advanced from simple colorimetric assays to complex, multi-sample electrochemical devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review theoretical models for characterizing imbibition in paper substrates.
  • To document recent flow control strategies for automated fluid management in paper-based devices.
  • To discuss commercialization efforts and challenges in the paper-based device industry.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of theoretical models for fluid flow in porous media.
  • Survey of experimental and computational approaches for fluid control in paper-microfluidics.
  • Analysis of industry trends and market barriers for commercial paper-based diagnostics.

Main Results:

  • Current theoretical models for paper imbibition are often too simplistic for complex devices.
  • Experimental trial-and-error dominates current flow control strategy development.
  • Automated flow control is essential for usability in resource-limited environments.

Conclusions:

  • A deeper theoretical understanding of fluid dynamics in paper is needed to enable model-driven device design.
  • Advancements in flow control are critical for the wider adoption of paper-based diagnostic tools.
  • Overcoming challenges in theoretical modeling and commercialization is key to unlocking the potential of paper-based biosensors.