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Related Concept Videos

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Speciation describes the formation of one or more new species from one or sometimes multiple original species. The resulting species are discrete from the parent species, and barriers to reproduction will typically exist. There are two primary mechanisms, speciation with and without geographic isolation—allopatric and sympatric speciation, respectively.
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Subgenome evolution in allotetraploid plants.

Matteo Schiavinato1, Alexandrina Bodrug-Schepers1, Juliane C Dohm1

  • 1Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Institute of Computational Biology, Muthgasse 18, Vienna, 1190, Austria.

The Plant Journal : for Cell and Molecular Biology
|February 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hybrid genomes evolve uniquely, with age not dictating degradation. Some ancient hybrids show significant subgenome loss, while others remain intact, revealing diverse evolutionary paths.

Keywords:
allotetraploidcrop plantdomesticationgenome evolutioninterspecific hybridsubgenome intermixing

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Plant Science

Background:

  • Polyploidization, especially allopolyploidization via interspecific hybridization, is a key mechanism for speciation and adaptation, particularly in plants.
  • Many domesticated plants are hybrids, with sequenced genomes presenting challenges due to multiple subgenomes undergoing rearrangement and degradation over time.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess subgenome degradation, intermixing, and biased fractionation in 10 hybrid plant genomes across six genera, dating from 10,000 to 5 million years ago.
  • To investigate the relationship between hybrid age, subgenome restructuring, and evolutionary fate.
  • To determine the impact of domestication on subgenome intermixing.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of 10 hybrid plant genomes and their presumptive parents.
  • Assessment of subgenome degradation, subgenomic intermixing, and biased subgenome fractionation.
  • Utilized the manticore tool for automated analysis of hybrid genomes.

Main Results:

  • Hybrid genome restructuring does not correlate proportionally with hybrid age.
  • Significant variation in evolutionary fates observed, with some ancient hybrids showing advanced subgenome degradation (e.g., Nicotiana benthamiana) and others exceptional conservation (e.g., Chenopodium quinoa).
  • Biased subgenome fractionation was significant in 7 out of 10 hybrids, independent of subgenome intermixing levels; domestication's effect on intermixing is context-dependent.

Conclusions:

  • No correlation exists between biased fractionation and subgenome intermixing in hybrid genomes.
  • The evolutionary trajectory of hybrid genomes is complex and not solely determined by age or intermixing.
  • Domestication can influence subgenome intermixing, highlighting the varied evolutionary pressures on hybrid plant genomes.