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Virgin Olive Oil Phenolic Compounds Modulate the HDL Lipidome in Hypercholesterolaemic Subjects: A Lipidomic Analysis
Sara Fernández-Castillejo1,2, Anna Pedret1,2, Úrsula Catalán1,2
1Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Grup Nutrició Funcional, Oxidació i Malalties Cardiovasculars (NFOC-Salut), Reus, 43201, Spain.
Insights
Virgin olive oil (VOO) and phenolic-rich VOO (FVOO) consumption altered high-density lipoprotein (HDL) lipidome, specifically triacylglyceride (TAG) species. These changes enhanced HDL functionality, suggesting new cardioprotective biomarkers.
Area of Science:
- Nutritional science
- Lipidomics
- Cardiovascular research
Background:
- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) lipidomic analysis can reveal novel biomarkers for HDL function.
- Understanding the impact of dietary interventions on HDL composition is crucial for cardiovascular health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effects of virgin olive oil (VOO) and phenolic-rich VOO (FVOO) on the HDL lipidome.
- To assess the relationship between changes in HDL lipid composition and HDL functionality.
Main Methods:
- A randomized, controlled, double-blind, crossover trial involving 33 hypercholesterolemic subjects.
- Intervention groups received control VOO, FVOO, or thyme-enriched VOO (FVOOT) for 3 weeks.
- HDL lipidomic analyses were performed using the Lipidyzer platform.
Main Results:
- VOO and FVOO intake altered HDL triacylglyceride (TAG) species, increasing monounsaturated fatty acids (FAs) and decreasing saturated and polyunsaturated FAs.
- FVOOT intake did not induce similar FA changes in HDL.
- Decreases in specific TAG species after VOO and FVOO intake were inversely associated with HDL resistance to oxidation and cholesterol efflux capacity.
Conclusions:
- VOO and FVOO consumption significantly impact the HDL lipidome, particularly TAG species.
- Despite TAGs being minor HDL components, their modulation by VOO and FVOO enhanced HDL functionality towards a cardioprotective profile.
- HDL lipidomic assessment is a valuable strategy for identifying and characterizing novel biomarkers of HDL function.
Scope:
The lipidomic analysis of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) could be useful to identify new biomarkers of HDL function.
Methods And Results:
A randomized, controlled, double-blind, crossover trial (33 hypercholesterolaemic subjects) is performed with a control virgin olive oil (VOO), VOO enriched with its own phenolic compounds (FVOO), or VOO enriched with additional phenolic compounds from thyme (FVOOT) for 3 weeks. HDL lipidomic analyses are performed using the Lipidyzer platform. VOO and FVOO intake increase monounsaturated-fatty acids (FAs) and decrease saturated and polyunsaturated FAs in triacylglyceride (TAG) species, among others species. In contrast, FVOOT intake does not induce these FAs changes. The decrease in TAG52:3(FA16:0) after VOO intake and the decrease in TAG52:5(FA18:2) after FVOO intake are inversely associated with changes in HDL resistance to oxidation. After FVOO intake, the decrease in TAG54:6(FA18:2) in HDL is inversely associated with changes in HDL cholesterol efflux capacity.
Conclusion:
VOO and FVOO consumption has an impact on the HDL lipidome, in particular TAG species. Although TAGs are minor components of HDL mass, the observed changes in TAG modulated HDL functionality towards a cardioprotective mode. The assessment of the HDL lipidome is a valuable approach to identify and characterize new biomarkers of HDL function.
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