Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 18, 2025
A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training
Published on: August 24, 2017
Targeting hippocampal hyperactivity with real-time fMRI neurofeedback: protocol of a single-blind randomized
Katharina Klink1, Urs Jaun2, Andrea Federspiel3
1University Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Bern University, Bern, Switzerland.
Background:
Several fMRI studies found hyperactivity in the hippocampus during pattern separation tasks in patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI; a prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease). This was associated with memory deficits, subsequent cognitive decline, and faster clinical progression. A reduction of hippocampal hyperactivity with an antiepileptic drug improved memory performance. Pharmacological interventions, however, entail the risk of side effects. An alternative approach may be real-time fMRI neurofeedback, during which individuals learn to control region-specific brain activity. In the current project we aim to test the potential of neurofeedback to reduce hippocampal hyperactivity and thereby improve memory performance.
Methods:
In a single-blind parallel-group study, we will randomize n = 84 individuals (n = 42 patients with MCI, n = 42 healthy elderly volunteers) to one of two groups receiving feedback from either the hippocampus or a functionally independent region. Percent signal change of the hemodynamic response within the respective target region will be displayed to the participant with a thermometer icon. We hypothesize that only feedback from the hippocampus will decrease hippocampal hyperactivity during pattern separation and thereby improve memory performance.
Discussion:
Results of this study will reveal whether real-time fMRI neurofeedback is able to reduce hippocampal hyperactivity and thereby improve memory performance. In addition, the results of this study may identify predictors of successful neurofeedback as well as the most successful regulation strategies.
Trial Registration:
The study has been registered with clinicaltrials.gov on the 16th of July 2019 (trial identifier: NCT04020744 ).
Insights
This study investigates real-time fMRI neurofeedback to reduce hippocampal hyperactivity in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). The goal is to improve memory performance by training individuals to control brain activity, offering a non-pharmacological approach.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Cognitive Psychology
- Medical Imaging
Background:
- Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is linked to hippocampal hyperactivity during memory tasks, predicting cognitive decline.
- This hyperactivity correlates with memory deficits and disease progression.
- While drugs can reduce hyperactivity and improve memory, they carry side effects.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate real-time fMRI neurofeedback as a method to decrease hippocampal hyperactivity.
- To determine if reducing hyperactivity through neurofeedback can enhance memory performance in MCI patients.
- To explore neurofeedback's potential as a non-pharmacological intervention for MCI.
Main Methods:
- A single-blind, parallel-group study will randomize 84 participants (42 MCI, 42 controls) into two groups.
- Participants will receive neurofeedback targeting either the hippocampus or a control region.
- Success will be measured by changes in hippocampal activity and memory performance.
Main Results:
- The study aims to demonstrate that hippocampal neurofeedback reduces hyperactivity during pattern separation tasks.
- It is hypothesized that this reduction will lead to improved memory performance.
- The study will also identify predictors of successful neurofeedback and effective regulation strategies.
Conclusions:
- Findings will indicate the efficacy of real-time fMRI neurofeedback for managing MCI symptoms.
- This research could establish neurofeedback as a viable, non-invasive treatment option.
- Results may guide future therapeutic strategies for early Alzheimer's disease stages.
