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Single Extracellular Vesicle Transmembrane Protein Characterization by Nano-Flow Cytometry

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Quantification of mtDNA in extracellular vesicles.

Beata Soltesz¹, Balint Nagy¹

¹Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.

Methods in Enzymology

|February 10, 2021

Summary

Liquid biopsies offer a noninvasive method to detect disease biomarkers. Analyzing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in extracellular vesicles from bodily fluids shows promise for early disease diagnosis, including cancers and cardiovascular conditions.

Keywords:

Cell-free DNA Circulating mitochondrial DNA Exosomes Extracellular vesicles Liquid biopsy mtDNA

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Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Molecular Biology
Biomarker Discovery

Background:

Liquid biopsies provide a noninvasive approach for analyzing biomarkers in body fluids, primarily plasma.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by cells can be easily isolated and analyzed.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from biofluids is a potential biomarker for early disease detection.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore protocols for quantifying mitochondrial DNA copy number.
To present methods for determining mtDNA levels in extracellular vesicles across various diseases.

Main Methods:

Isolation and analysis of extracellular vesicles from biofluids.
Mitochondrial DNA copy number quantification techniques.
Review of existing protocols and commercial kits for EV and mtDNA analysis.

Main Results:

Discusses various protocols for mtDNA copy number quantification.
Highlights the potential of mtDNA in EVs as diagnostic markers.
Demonstrates the feasibility of analyzing mtDNA levels in EVs for disease assessment.

Conclusions:

Mitochondrial DNA in extracellular vesicles is a promising biomarker for early disease diagnosis.
Standardized protocols are crucial for reliable mtDNA analysis in liquid biopsies.
Further research can establish mtDNA as a key component in noninvasive diagnostics.