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Related Concept Videos

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Stem Cell Niche

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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
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Hematopoiesis, or blood cell production, is a vital biological process that begins early in embryonic development and continues throughout life. This process generates the various types of cells found in blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 18, 2025

Automated Quantification of Hematopoietic Cell – Stromal Cell Interactions in Histological Images of Undecalcified Bone
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Plasma cell dynamics in the bone marrow niche.

Zachary Benet1, Zhixin Jing1, David R Fooksman1

  • 1Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.

Cell Reports
|February 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Bone marrow plasma cells (PCs) are motile and form clusters. Their movement and survival in the bone marrow are regulated by specific molecular pathways, influencing their recirculation.

Keywords:
APRILCXCL12CXCR4VLA-4antibody secreting cellsbone marrowintravital imagingmigrationplasma cells

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In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells
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In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells
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In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Plasma cells (PCs) reside in the bone marrow (BM), but their dynamic behavior and regulation within this niche are not fully understood.
  • Understanding PC migration is crucial for comprehending humoral immunity and long-lived plasma cell survival.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the motility patterns of bone marrow plasma cells (BM PCs) using intravital imaging.
  • To identify molecular factors and pathways that regulate BM PC motility, clustering, and egress.
  • To explore the relationship between PC motility, CXCR4 expression, and PC survival in aging mice.

Main Methods:

  • Intravital imaging of bone marrow in live mice.
  • Pharmacological inhibition of specific molecular pathways (e.g., CXCL12/CXCR4, VLA4).
  • Analysis of plasma cell clustering, motility, and recirculation patterns.

Main Results:

  • Bone marrow plasma cells (PCs) exhibit unique, intermittent motility patterns and form clusters with reduced motility.
  • APRIL enhances PC motility and cluster formation, while CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling promotes motility and VLA4 promotes arrest.
  • Inhibition of either CXCL12/CXCR4 or VLA4 pathways enhances PC egress from the BM.
  • PC motility and recirculation increase in older mice, correlating with elevated CXCR4 expression dependent on PC age, not mouse age.

Conclusions:

  • BM PCs are motile and their migration is tightly regulated by distinct molecular cues.
  • Modulating PC motility and CXCR4 expression impacts their survival and localization within the BM niche.
  • These findings provide insights into the dynamics of long-lived plasma cells and their potential role in immune memory.