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Estimating the statistical power to detect set-size effects in contralateral delay activity.

William X Q Ngiam1, Kirsten C S Adam2, Colin Quirk1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.

Psychophysiology
|February 11, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Statistical power for the contralateral delay activity (CDA) depends on effect size. Detecting CDA presence requires fewer trials than detecting set-size differences, necessitating more trials for robust visual working memory research.

Keywords:
EEGERPscontralateral delay activitystatistical powervisual working memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology

Background:

  • The contralateral delay activity (CDA) is a key electrophysiological measure for studying visual working memory.
  • Understanding the statistical power requirements for CDA research is crucial for ensuring reliable and reproducible findings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the statistical power needed for reliable contralateral delay activity (CDA) measurements.
  • To determine the number of subjects and trials required to achieve robust results in CDA research, particularly for detecting set-size effects.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized two large EEG datasets to perform subsampling analyses, estimating statistical power across varying subject and trial counts.
  • Employed Bayesian multilevel modeling with simulated data to extend power estimations beyond the original dataset limits.
  • Investigated the influence of effect size on the power required for detecting CDA presence and set-size differences.

Main Results:

  • Detecting the basic CDA (contralateral vs. ipsilateral activity) requires minimal trials (30-50) with 25 subjects for 80% power.
  • Detecting differences in CDA amplitude between set sizes (e.g., 2 vs. 6 items) demands significantly more resources: approximately 400 trials with 25 subjects for 80% power.
  • Statistical power is critically dependent on the effect size being investigated.

Conclusions:

  • The number of trials and subjects needed for CDA research varies greatly depending on the specific research question and expected effect size.
  • Researchers aiming to detect set-size differences in CDA should plan for a substantially higher number of trials per subject to ensure adequate statistical power.
  • Mindful consideration of effect size is essential for designing robust experiments investigating CDA activity across different conditions.