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Trends in Operative Complex Middle and Upper Maxillofacial Trauma: A 17-Year Study.

Peiyi Su1,2, Christian Paquet3, Karla O'Dell1,2

  • 1Tina and Rick Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.

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|February 11, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Operative maxillofacial trauma significantly decreased over 17 years, with assaults becoming the leading cause. Prevention efforts should target interpersonal violence to reduce facial trauma incidents.

Keywords:
Maxillofacial traumafacial fractures

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Area of Science:

  • Trauma Surgery
  • Facial Reconstruction
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Facial trauma is a significant public health issue, with millions of incidents annually in the US.
  • Understanding trends in operative maxillofacial trauma is crucial for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine trends in operative middle and upper maxillofacial trauma over a 17-year period in a major US city.
  • To identify changes in mechanisms of injury and fracture patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective chart review of 4,299 patients with 5,549 facial fractures from 1993 to 2010.
  • Analysis of demographics, injury mechanisms, and fracture characteristics at a Level I Trauma Center.

Main Results:

  • A 42% reduction in operative maxillofacial trauma was observed between 1993-2001 and 2002-2010.
  • Assaults emerged as the most common cause of trauma, increasing over the study period, while motor vehicle accidents decreased.
  • Orbital floor and zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures were most prevalent; panfacial fractures saw the largest reduction.

Conclusions:

  • Operative middle and upper maxillofacial trauma incidence declined significantly over 17 years.
  • Interpersonal violence (assaults) is the primary driver of current facial trauma, necessitating targeted prevention strategies.
  • Future prevention efforts should focus on reducing interpersonal violence to mitigate the burden of facial trauma.