Managing COVID-19 Transmission Risks in Bars: An Interview and Observation Study

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Epidemiology
• Hospitality Management

Background:

• Licensed premises faced significant operational challenges adapting to COVID-19 restrictions.
• Understanding business practices and behaviors in these settings is crucial for effective public health policy.
• This study addresses a gap in global research on COVID-19 transmission risks in bars.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate business practices and challenges in licensed premises during COVID-19.
• To inform COVID-19 policies by examining real-world safety measures and behaviors.
• To assess the impact of reopening guidance on transmission risk mitigation.

Main Methods:

• The study employed thematic analysis of in-depth telephone interviews (n=18) with industry stakeholders before reopening.
• Post-reopening observations (n=29) in diverse bars assessed practices and behaviors using a structured schedule.
• Data collection occurred in Scotland between May and August 2020.

Main Results:

• Interviewees desired clear, flexible guidance and faced practical/commercial barriers to safe operation.
• Physical and operational modifications were common, but practices varied significantly across observed premises.
• Staff intervention was infrequent during observed incidents of close interaction, often involving intoxicated patrons.

Conclusions:

• Significant COVID-19 transmission risks persisted in a notable proportion of observed bars.
• Alcohol consumption exacerbated transmission risks, particularly when patrons were intoxicated and staff intervention was lacking.
• Effective mitigation requires addressing variability in practices and the impact of intoxication on safety measures.