Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 17, 2025

Behavioral Characterization of Pentylenetetrazole-induced Seizures: Moving Beyond the Racine Scale
Published on: July 8, 2025
Sex differences in anxiety in patients with epilepsy: Status and risk factors analysis
Rui Zhong1, Qingling Chen2, Mengmeng Li1
1Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Objectives:
Evidence has indicated that there may be sex differences in the prevalence of and risk factors for anxiety in patients with epilepsy (PWE). The prevalence and risk factors for anxiety in male and female PWE in Northeast China were investigated.
Methods:
A consecutive cohort of patients with epilepsy (PWE) from the First Hospital of Jilin University was recruited. Anxiety symptoms were assessed using the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 questionnaire (GAD-7; Chinese version). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to confirm independent risk factors for anxiety in male and female patients.
Results:
Anxiety was prevalent in 28.2% (n = 162) of the total sample of patients, in 23.2% (n = 79) of males, and in 35.5% (n = 83) of females. Younger age (P = 0.033), higher seizure frequency over the last year (P = 0.003), and higher C-NDDI-E scores (P = 0.001) were risk factors for anxiety in males with epilepsy. Only higher C-NDDI-E scores (P = 0.001) had an independent effect on the risk of anxiety in females with epilepsy.
Conclusion:
Anxiety is a common psychiatric comorbidity among PWE. There were sex differences in the prevalence and risk factors for anxiety in patients.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Panic Disorder
Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Anxiety: Overview
Individuals with anxiety often experience a range of physical and emotional symptoms, including sweating, trembling, tachycardia, and disturbances in sleep patterns. These symptoms vary in intensity and frequency but are generally disruptive and distressing.
Anxiolytic Drugs: Benzodiazepines and Buspirone
Anxiolytic Drugs: Overview
Primary Types of Anxiolytic Drugs
1. Benzodiazepines:
Benzodiazepines bind to the GABA-A receptor in the brain, enhancing GABA's interaction. This action reduces neurotransmission, effectively blocking anxiety-associated limbic...

