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Disorders of Leukocytes

Disorders of Leukocytes

Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
Leukopenia may result from bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. For example, conditions such as multiple myeloma and aplastic anemia can impair the bone marrow's ability to produce adequate leukocytes. Similarly, autoimmune diseases like lupus and viral infections such as HIV can prompt the immune...

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Updated: Nov 17, 2025

Murine Model of Leukemia Relapse to Induction Chemotherapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

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Neonatal Leukemia.

Patrick A Brown¹

¹Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Clinics in Perinatology

|February 15, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Neonatal leukemias, including acute leukemia, juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, and transient abnormal myelopoiesis, are rare but aggressive. Genetic discoveries are paving the way for targeted therapies to improve outcomes.

Keywords:

ALL AML Down syndrome JMML KMT2A Leukemia RAS TAM

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A Neonatal BALB/c Mouse Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis

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Published on: November 30, 2021

Area of Science:

Pediatric Oncology
Hematology
Genetics

Background:

Neonates face risks from three primary leukemia types: acute leukemia, juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, and Down syndrome-associated transient abnormal myelopoiesis.
These rare neonatal leukemias present aggressively, often respond poorly to current treatments, and possess complex underlying biology.
Their development is linked to distinct constitutional and acquired genetic alterations.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and molecular features of neonatal leukemias.
To focus on risk stratification and current treatment strategies for these rare cancers.
To explore emerging molecularly targeted therapeutic approaches for improved patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

Literature review of epidemiologic, clinical, and molecular data on neonatal leukemias.
Analysis of genetic events contributing to the pathogenesis of these disorders.
Synthesis of information on risk stratification and treatment modalities.

Main Results:

Neonatal leukemias encompass acute leukemia, JMML, and DS-AMKL.
Genetic events play a crucial role in the origin and progression of these leukemias.
Current treatments show suboptimal responses, highlighting the need for novel strategies.

Conclusions:

Understanding the unique genetic landscape of neonatal leukemias is key to developing targeted therapies.
Improved risk stratification and novel molecularly targeted treatments are essential for enhancing outcomes.
Further research into the biology of neonatal leukemias will drive the development of more effective therapeutic strategies.