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MicroRNAs and Diabetes Mellitus Type 1

Farbod Bahreini1,2, Elham Rayzan3,4, Nima Rezaei2,3,5

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

Current Diabetes Reviews
|February 16, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Early detection of type 1 diabetes is crucial. MicroRNA gene expression offers a promising, non-invasive biomarker for identifying this autoimmune disease and preventing organ damage.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a progressive autoimmune disease with genetic factors, potentially damaging organs like kidneys, eyes, and nerves.
  • Early detection of type 1 diabetes is critical for preventing severe organ damage.
  • MicroRNAs are key regulators of gene expression, and their altered expression is linked to various diseases, including type 1 diabetes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the dysregulation of microRNAs in type 1 diabetes.
  • To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying microRNA involvement in pancreatic islet cell development and inflammation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on microRNA dysregulation in type 1 diabetes.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms in pancreatic islet cell formation.
  • Examination of inflammatory element and cytokine expression.

Main Results:

  • Alterations in microRNA expression are reported in type 1 diabetes.
  • MicroRNAs play a role in pancreatic islet cell development and inflammatory processes.
  • Quantifying microRNA gene expression may serve as a non-invasive biomarker.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNA dysregulation is implicated in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes.
  • MicroRNAs are involved in key molecular pathways affected in type 1 diabetes, including islet cell formation and inflammation.
  • MicroRNA quantification presents a potential non-invasive diagnostic approach for early type 1 diabetes detection.
Keywords:
Type 1 diabetes mellitusautoimmune diseasebiomarkersbiotechnologycytokinesmicroRNAs

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