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Mini Review: The Last Mile-Opportunities and Challenges for Machine Learning in Digital Toxicologic Pathology.

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Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) show promise for improving toxicologic pathology workflows. Pathologists should embrace these technologies with both enthusiasm and critical evaluation for future advancements.

Keywords:
artificial intelligencedeep learningdigital toxicologic pathologymachine learningneural networks

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicologic Pathology
  • Computational Pathology
  • Biomedical Imaging Analysis

Background:

  • A 2019 manuscript proposed significant benefits from integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) into digital toxicologic pathology.
  • This review assesses the evidence supporting the synergistic potential of AI/ML in toxicologic pathology two years post-publication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the current evidence for the thesis that AI and ML enhance toxicologic pathology.
  • To identify opportunities and challenges in applying ML algorithms within toxicologic pathology.
  • To examine the regulatory landscape surrounding ML in this field.

Main Methods:

  • Review and critical analysis of existing literature and expert opinion on AI/ML in toxicologic pathology.
  • Assessment of the practical application and potential impact of ML algorithms.
  • Consideration of the regulatory environment and its evolution.

Main Results:

  • While similarities exist with the 'Last Mile' concept, evidence suggests a cautiously optimistic outlook for ML in toxicologic pathology.
  • Opportunities for ML to impact the field are increasing, warranting both enthusiasm and skepticism.
  • Regulatory bodies are actively navigating the integration of these rapidly evolving technologies.

Conclusions:

  • Toxicologic pathologists are encouraged to critically evaluate and actively engage with ML applications.
  • A proactive approach, rather than delayed adoption, is recommended for pathologists to lead and grow within this evolving domain.
  • The field presents ample opportunities for toxicologic pathologists to drive innovation and impact.