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The Physiology of Taste01:24

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The perception of a salty flavor is facilitated by sodium ions within the oral salivary fluid. Upon consumption of a salty substance, salt crystals disassemble, leading to the liberation of its constituents—Na+ and Cl- ions. These ions subsequently dissolve into the salivary fluid present in the oral cavity. The external environment of the gustatory cells experiences an elevation in Na+ concentration, thereby establishing a potent concentration gradient. This gradient propels the...
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Gustation, or the sense of taste, is intrinsically linked to the anatomical structures located on the tongue. This organ's surface, along with the entirety of the oral cavity, is adorned with stratified squamous epithelium. Evident on the tongue are elevated structures known as papillae (singular = papilla), which house the mechanisms for the transduction of gustatory stimuli. Four distinct types of papillae exist, each identified by their unique morphological attributes: the circumvallate,...
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Gustation is a chemical sense that, along with olfaction (smell), contributes to our perception of taste. It starts with the activation of receptors by chemical compounds (tastants) dissolved in the saliva. The saliva and filiform papillae on the tongue distribute the tastants and increase their exposure to the taste receptors.
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Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
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Psychophysical Tracking Method to Measure Taste Preferences in Children and Adults
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Sweet taste and obesity.

Gabriela Ribeiro1, Albino J Oliveira-Maia2

  • 1Champalimaud Research & Clinical Centre, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Av. de Brasília, Doca de Pedrouços, 1400-038 Lisboa, Portugal; Lisbon Academic Medical Centre PhD Program, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.

European Journal of Internal Medicine
|February 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Obesity may be linked to altered sweet taste perception, but research is inconclusive. Bariatric surgery shows potential changes in taste, warranting further investigation in larger studies.

Keywords:
Bariatric surgeryObesityPsychophysicsReward-related feeding behaviorTaste perception

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Nutrition

Background:

  • Overweight individuals and animals exhibit higher sweet food consumption.
  • Dieting-induced energy deficits may increase susceptibility to sweet tastants.
  • Theories suggest reduced taste perception and dopamine receptors contribute to obesity via increased consumption for sensory stimulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between obesity and sweet taste perception.
  • To review existing literature on taste perception in individuals with obesity compared to normal-weight controls.
  • To examine taste changes post-bariatric surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Review of studies comparing sweet taste perception in obese versus normal-weight individuals.
  • Analysis of within-subject data before and after bariatric surgery (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy).
  • Consideration of methodological heterogeneity in existing research.

Main Results:

  • Existing studies show significant variability and contradictory findings regarding sweet taste perception in obesity.
  • Evidence suggests potential changes in taste perception, particularly reward-related aspects of sweet tastants, after bariatric surgery.
  • The association between obesity and reduced sweet taste perception remains inconclusive.

Conclusions:

  • The link between obesity and altered sweet taste perception is not definitively established.
  • Bariatric surgery may influence taste perception, especially concerning sweet rewards.
  • Further large-scale studies with standardized methodologies are needed to confirm these findings.