Bistability induced by a spontaneous twisting rate for a two-dimensional intrinsically curved filament

We find that a moderate intrinsic twisting rate (ITR) can induce a bistable state for a force-free two-dimensional intrinsically curved filament. There are two different configurations of equal energy in a bistable state so that the filament is clearly different from its three-dimensional counterpart. The smaller the ITR or the larger the intrinsic curvature (IC), the clearer the distinction between two isoenergetic configurations and the longer the filament. In bistable states, the relationship between length and ITR is approximately a hyperbola and relationship between IC and critical ITR is approximately linear. Thermal fluctuation can result in a shift between two isoenergetic configurations, but large bending and twisting rigidities can prevent the shift and maintain the filament in one of these two configurations. Moreover, a filament can have a metastable state and at a finite temperature such a filament has the similar property as that of a filament with bistable state.