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Updated: Nov 16, 2025

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3D Bioprinting using UNIversal Orthogonal Network (UNION) Bioinks.

Sarah M Hull1, Christopher D Lindsay2, Lucia G Brunel1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

Advanced Functional Materials
|February 22, 2021
PubMed
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This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed versatile, bioorthogonal bioinks (UNION bioinks) for 3D bioprinting. This strategy enables printing diverse cell types in customizable materials, enhancing tissue engineering possibilities.

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Materials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting offers potential for creating tissue-like structures.
  • A key limitation in 3D bioprinting is the restricted diversity of available bioinks.
  • Customizable bioinks for specific cell types are crucial for advancing bioprinting applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a universally applicable bioink strategy for 3D bioprinting.
  • To create a versatile, cell-compatible, and bioorthogonal bioink crosslinking mechanism.
  • To demonstrate the adaptability of the new bioink system with various polymers and cell types.

Main Methods:

  • Developed UNIversal, Orthogonal Network (UNION) bioinks utilizing a bioorthogonal crosslinking mechanism.
Keywords:
3D bioprintingbioinkbiomaterialsbioorthogonal chemistry

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  • Tested UNION bioinks with backbone polymers including gelatin, hyaluronic acid (HA), recombinant elastin-like protein (ELP), and polyethylene glycol (PEG).
  • Assessed the mechanical properties (storage moduli) and printability of various polymer-based UNION bioinks.

    • Main Results:

    • UNION bioinks demonstrated a wide range of storage moduli (200–10,000 Pa) based on polymer selection.
    • The common crosslinking chemistry allowed for printing multiple materials together into unified structures.
    • Successfully bioprinted both matrix-adherent (human corneal mesenchymal stromal cells) and non-matrix-adherent (human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor spheroids) cells with high viability and retained phenotypic markers.

    Conclusions:

    • UNION bioinks represent a versatile strategy to overcome bioink limitations in 3D bioprinting.
    • This approach expands the range of customizable materials for bioprinting diverse cell types.
    • The developed technology holds significant promise for advancing tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.