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Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

276
Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
276
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

139
Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
139
Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

423
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
423
Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

537
Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
537
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow01:26

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow

100
Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug...
100
Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments01:11

Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments

243
In patients with renal impairment, drugs undergo significant changes in their pharmacokinetics, which require dosage adjustments to ensure safe and effective therapy.
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...
243

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 16, 2025

Drug-Induced Senescence in Liver Cells Promotes M2 Macrophage Polarization: Implications for Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Associated Hepatotoxicity
09:31

Drug-Induced Senescence in Liver Cells Promotes M2 Macrophage Polarization: Implications for Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Associated Hepatotoxicity

Published on: October 17, 2025

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Sunitinib-Induced Acute Liver Failure.

Anum Aqsa1, Sami Droubi1, Shivantha Amarnath1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, New York, New York, USA.

Case Reports in Gastroenterology
|February 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Sunitinib, a cancer drug, can cause rare but fatal liver injury. This case report details a fatal outcome, emphasizing sunitinib-induced hepatotoxicity as a serious potential side effect.

Keywords:
Acute liver failureSunitinibTyrosine kinase inhibitors

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Hepatology
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Sunitinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor used for advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors and pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma.
  • Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a rare but serious adverse event.
  • While sunitinib can cause transient liver enzyme elevations, fatal acute liver failure is exceptionally uncommon.

Observation:

  • This report details a unique case of fatal acute liver failure and cardiomyopathy.
  • The patient developed these severe complications within two weeks of initiating sunitinib therapy.
  • This presentation is rare, with only five prior cases of sunitinib-induced acute liver injury documented.

Findings:

  • Sunitinib therapy was associated with the rapid onset of severe hepatotoxicity.
  • The patient experienced fatal acute liver failure and cardiomyopathy.
  • This case underscores the potential for life-threatening liver injury from sunitinib.

Implications:

  • Hepatotoxicity is a critical, potentially fatal side effect of sunitinib that requires careful monitoring.
  • Clinicians should be vigilant for signs of liver injury in patients treated with sunitinib.
  • Further research may be warranted to understand the mechanisms and risk factors for severe sunitinib-induced liver injury.