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Related Concept Videos

Oxygenic Photosynthesis01:26

Oxygenic Photosynthesis

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Oxygenic photosynthesis is a fundamental process in which light energy is harnessed to drive the oxidation of water, leading to the production of molecular oxygen (O₂), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). This process is essential for sustaining aerobic life on Earth and is primarily carried out by cyanobacteria, algae, and plants. The core of oxygenic photosynthesis lies in the thylakoid membranes, where chlorophyll pigments facilitate...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
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Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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The Z-Scheme of Electron Transport in Photosynthesis01:34

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The light reactions of photosynthesis assume a linear flow of electrons from water to NADP+. During this process, light energy drives the splitting of water molecules to produce oxygen. However, oxidation of water molecules is a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction and requires a strong oxidizing agent. This is accomplished by the first product of light reactions: oxidized P680 (or P680+), the most powerful oxidizing agent known in biology. The oxidized P680 that acquires an electron from the...
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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
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Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
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Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions
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Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from biomass conversion.

Kayla Alicia Davis1, Sunghoon Yoo2,3, Eric W Shuler1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.

Nano Convergence
|February 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Photocatalytic conversion of biomass using sunlight efficiently produces hydrogen fuel and valuable products. This sustainable energy strategy utilizes biomass and novel photocatalysts for cleaner energy and chemical feedstock production.

Keywords:
BiomassEnergy and charge transportHydrogen productionPhotocatalysisSolar energy conversion

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Area of Science:

  • Sustainable energy technologies
  • Photocatalysis
  • Biomass conversion

Background:

  • Biomass offers a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels for energy production.
  • Photocatalytic conversion of biomass generates hydrogen fuel and valuable chemical products.
  • Sunlight serves as the primary energy source for this sustainable process.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline a general strategy and mechanism for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from biomass.
  • To summarize recent advancements in photocatalysts for biomass conversion.
  • To highlight methods utilizing unprocessed biomass for greater sustainability.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent advancements in photocatalyst synthesis and mechanistic studies.
  • Analysis of hydrogen evolution efficiency from various biomass-derived substrates.
  • Focus on methods employing unprocessed biomass and synthetic photocatalyst materials.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of a general strategy for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from biomass.
  • Summary of efficient photocatalysts and hydrogen evolution rates from substrates like ethanol, glycerol, and glucose.
  • Emphasis on the benefits of using unprocessed biomass.

Conclusions:

  • Photocatalytic biomass conversion is a viable route for sustainable hydrogen production.
  • Novel photocatalyst development is crucial for enhancing hydrogen evolution efficiency.
  • Utilizing unprocessed biomass maximizes benefits for sustainable energy and chemical production.