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    Area of Science:

    • Optimization algorithms
    • Computational mathematics
    • Evolutionary computation

    Background:

    • Balancing feasible and infeasible solutions is critical for population-based algorithms solving constrained optimization problems (COPs).
    • Existing methods struggle with complex, nonlinear inequality and equality constraints.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a novel constraint handling technique for nonconvex COPs.
    • To enhance the performance of population-based optimization algorithms in handling complex constraints.

    Main Methods:

    • Propose a υ-level penalty function to transform COPs into unconstrained problems.
    • Introduce Broyden-based mutation to find feasible solutions for infeasible ones.
    • Integrate these techniques with the Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (MA-ES).

    Main Results:

    • The proposed algorithm effectively balances feasible and infeasible solutions.
    • Demonstrated superior performance in handling nonlinear inequality and equality constraints.
    • Outperformed several state-of-the-art constrained evolutionary optimizers on benchmark problems.

    Conclusions:

    • The novel constraint handling technique and Broyden-based mutation significantly improve optimization performance.
    • The integrated MA-ES-based algorithm offers a robust solution for nonconvex COPs.
    • This approach advances the field of constrained evolutionary optimization.