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Fused Filament Fabrication-4D-Printed Shape Memory Polymers: A Review.

Sara Valvez¹, Paulo N B Reis¹, Luca Susmel²

¹C-MAST, Department of Electromechanical Engineering, University of Beira Interior, Calçada Fonte do Lameiro, 6201-100 Covilhã, Portugal.

|March 3, 2021

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This review examines the mechanical properties of 4D printing using fused filament fabrication (FFF). It highlights shape memory polymer compounds (SMPCs) as promising materials for stimuli-responsive 4D-FFF components.

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Mechanical Engineering
Additive Manufacturing

Background:

Additive manufacturing (AM) builds objects layer-by-layer.
4D printing integrates time with 3D printing, creating components that change shape or properties in response to stimuli.
Shape memory polymers (SMPs) and their compounds (SMPCs) are key materials for 4D printing due to their shape memory effect (SME).

Purpose of the Study:

To critically review existing research on the mechanical properties of 4D printing materials fabricated using fused filament fabrication (FFF).
To provide an updated overview of the state-of-the-art in 4D-FFF technology.
To assess the potential of 4D-FFF for engineering applications, focusing on structural integrity.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies focusing on the mechanical properties of 4D-FFF materials.

Keywords:

4D printing additive manufacturing (AM)fused filament fabrication (FFF)mechanical performance shape memory effect (SME)structural integrity

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Analysis of shape memory materials, particularly shape memory polymer compounds (SMPCs).

Focus on fused filament fabrication (FFF) as the primary AM technique.

Main Results:

Shape memory polymer compounds (SMPCs) offer an effective alternative to traditional SMPs for 4D printing applications.
Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is a widely adopted AM technique suitable for 4D printing.
The mechanical properties of 4D-FFF materials are crucial for their structural integrity and application potential.

Conclusions:

4D-FFF printing demonstrates significant potential for various engineering applications.
Further research into the mechanical properties of 4D-FFF materials is essential for optimizing structural integrity.
SMPCs are a key material class for advancing 4D printing technologies.