Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 15, 2025
06:33
A Simplified Model for Heterotopic Heart Valve Transplantation in Rodents
Published on: September 21, 2021
2.6K
Valvular changes after aortic valve neo-cuspidization in children: A case series
Fumio Watanabe1, Kiyotaka Go2, Taiki Kojima1
1Department of Anesthesiology, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Obu-City, Aichi, Japan.
Summary
Aortic valve neo-cuspidization in children often shows spontaneous improvement in aortic regurgitation post-surgery. However, one case developed aortic stenosis, indicating a need for further study of pediatric AVNeo outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Cardiac Surgery
- Aortic Valve Repair
- Echocardiography
Background:
- Aortic valve neo-cuspidization (AVNeo) using autologous pericardium is increasingly performed in pediatric patients.
- Postoperative morphological changes in pediatric AVNeo patients, specifically regarding aortic regurgitation (AR) and aortic stenosis (AS), are not well-documented.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the intraoperative and postoperative morphological changes and severity of AR and AS following AVNeo in children.
- To evaluate changes in AR and AS from the perioperative period to 3 months post-AVNeo in pediatric patients.
Main Methods:
- A case series involving pediatric patients (<18 years) who underwent AVNeo between April 2016 and March 2020.
- Morphological changes in AR and AS were assessed using intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (io-TEE) and postoperative transthoracic echocardiography (po-TTE) at 3 months.
Main Results:
- Seven pediatric patients were included.
- A trend towards decreased AR sites and AR jet area relative to left ventricular outflow tract area was observed between io-TEE and po-TTE.
- All AR sites showed integration postoperatively; one patient developed persistent intraoperative AS.
Conclusions:
- Pediatric AVNeo generally demonstrates spontaneous improvement in AR, with complete integration of AR sites in most cases.
- A single case of postoperative AS highlights the potential for developing stenosis after AVNeo.
- Further prospective studies are warranted to fully understand the long-term surgical outcomes of AVNeo in the pediatric population.
Related Concept Videos
01:22Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests
172
Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
172
01:15Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction
171
IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
171
01:22Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction
142
Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
142
01:27Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction
153
IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
153
01:25Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management
163
Aortic regurgitation (AR) is when the aortic valve does not close or seal properly, leading to backward blood circulation from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. Common causes of AR include rheumatic heart disease, congenital valve defects, and aortic root dilation. Managing AR requires a multifaceted approach to alleviate symptoms, preserve left ventricular function, and address the underlying cause of the regurgitation. Patients with symptomatic AR or significant left...
163
01:23Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests
82
Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
82