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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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[Hyperplasia-associated cutaneous paraneoplasia].

Morna F Schmidt1, Martin Schaller2, Laurenz C Schmitt3

  • 1Klinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Hautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland.

Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift Fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, Und Verwandte Gebiete
|March 4, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Early diagnosis of hyperplasia-associated cutaneous paraneoplasia is crucial for improving patient prognosis. Prompt treatment of the primary tumor resolves skin symptoms, and their reappearance may indicate tumor recurrence.

Keywords:
Acanthosis nigricans malignaAcrokeratosisBazex syndromeCutaneous paraneoplasiaLeser-Trélat syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Dermatology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Hyperplasia-associated cutaneous paraneoplasia is a critical differential diagnosis in clinical practice.
  • Early identification of the underlying malignancy significantly enhances patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical presentation, pathogenesis, and management of hyperplasia-associated cutaneous paraneoplasia.
  • To highlight the importance of recognizing specific cutaneous manifestations linked to visceral malignancies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical literature on paraneoplastic syndromes.
  • Description of the pathogenesis involving cytokine-mediated keratinocyte hyperproliferation.
  • Clinical differentiation of specific syndromes like Leser-Trélat and Bazex acrokeratosis.

Main Results:

  • Cutaneous paraneoplasia, including acanthosis nigricans maligna and Bazex acrokeratosis, presents with distinct dermatological signs.
  • These conditions are often associated with specific internal malignancies, such as gastric adenocarcinoma or tumors of the upper aerodigestive tract.
  • Treatment of the primary tumor is the cornerstone of managing these cutaneous manifestations.

Conclusions:

  • Cutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes serve as important indicators of underlying visceral malignancies.
  • Effective management relies on the timely diagnosis and treatment of the primary tumor.
  • Recurrence of cutaneous symptoms can signal tumor relapse, necessitating further investigation.