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Human limbal epithelial stem cell regulation, bioengineering and function.

Clémence Bonnet1, Sheyla González2, JoAnn S Roberts2

  • 1Cornea Division, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Cornea Department, Paris University, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, F-75014, Paris, France.

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research
|March 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Limbal stem cells (LSCs) renew the corneal epithelium. Their dysfunction causes limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD), leading to vision loss, necessitating advances in LSC biology and LSCD therapies.

Keywords:
Anterior segment coherence tomographyCell therapyIn vivo laser scanning confocal microscopyLimbal stem cellLimbal stem cell deficiencyNotch signaling pathwaySmall moleculesWnt signaling pathway

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • The corneal epithelium relies on limbal stem/progenitor cells (LSCs) within a specialized niche for continuous renewal.
  • Loss or dysfunction of LSCs and their niche leads to limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD).
  • LSCD results in conjunctival invasion of the cornea, impaired wound healing, and severe vision impairment, including blindness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding limbal stem cell (LSC) biology and limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD).
  • To highlight progress in identifying LSC biomarkers and niche components.
  • To discuss LSC regulation, bioengineering methods, and diagnostic/staging approaches for LSCD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on recent research in LSC biology and LSCD.
  • Synthesis of findings on LSC biomarkers, niche factors, and regulatory mechanisms.
  • Analysis of current bioengineering techniques and diagnostic standards for LSCD.

Main Results:

  • Identification of potential biomarkers for LSCs and key components of their niche.
  • Improved understanding of the regulatory network governing LSC function.
  • Development of methods and regulatory guidelines for bioengineering LSCs for therapeutic use.
  • Advances in the diagnosis and staging of LSCD.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis and staging are crucial for effective LSCD treatment.
  • Restoration of functional LSCs and their niche is essential for successful LSCD therapy.
  • Continued research into LSC biology and bioengineering holds promise for improving LSCD treatments.