Oral microbiome and pregnancy: A bidirectional relationship

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Human Physiology
• Obstetrics

Background:

• The oral cavity hosts a complex microbiome, second only to the gut.
• Next Generation Sequencing reveals the oral microbiome's role in health and disease.
• Pregnancy significantly alters the oral microbiome, with higher microbial counts observed.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review oral microbiome dynamics during pregnancy.
• To explore the link between oral dysbiosis and pregnancy complications.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on oral microbiome and pregnancy.
• Analysis of current evidence on oral health and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Main Results:

• Oral microbiome composition changes throughout pregnancy, particularly in the first trimester.
• Hormonal shifts during pregnancy increase susceptibility to oral diseases like gingivitis and periodontitis.
• Evidence links oral microbiome dysbiosis to preterm birth, preeclampsia, and low birth weight.

Conclusions:

• A balanced oral microbiome is crucial for a healthy pregnancy.
• Oral microbiome perturbations can contribute to pregnancy complications.
• Further research is needed to understand and manage the oral microbiome during pregnancy.