Brain-behavior relationships in the perceptual decision-making process through cognitive processing stages

Perceptual decision making - the process of detecting and categorizing information - has been studied extensively over the last two decades. In this study, we aim to bridge the gap between neural and behavioral representations of the perceptual decision-making process. The neural characterization of decision-making was investigated by evaluating the duration and neural signature of the information processing stages. We further evaluated the processing stages of the decision-making process at the behavioral level by estimating the drift rate and non-decision time parameters. We asked whether the neural and behavioral characterizations of the decision-making process provided consistent results under different stimulus coherency levels and spatial attention. Our statistical analysis revealed that, at both representational levels, decision-making was affected more by the coherency factor. We further found that among different information processing stages, the decision stage had the highest role in the performance of the decision-making process. Such that, the shorter decision stage duration at the neural level and higher drift rate at the behavioral level lead to faster decision-making. Through our consistent neural and behavioral results, we have shown that the decision-making components at these two representational levels were significantly associated. Moreover, the neural signature of the processing stages gave information about the regions that contributed more to the decision-making process. Our overall results demonstrate that uncovering the cognitive processing stages provided more insights into the decision-making process.