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Area of Science:

  • Sociology
  • Economics
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Later adult work attachments and exits are dynamic, necessitating an understanding of contemporary work and nonwork pathways.
  • Variations in these pathways are influenced by intersecting social locations such as age, gender, education, and race/ethnicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document continuity and change in monthly work attachments among older adults.
  • To analyze the intersecting effects of age, gender, education, and race/ethnicity on work pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 16-month panel data from the Current Population Survey (2008-2016).
  • Analyzed monthly work states including full-time, part-time, self-employed, unemployed, and non-working due to disability, caregiving, or retirement.
  • Included 346,488 American women and men aged 50-75 years.

Main Results:

  • Identified six distinctive pathways of work attachment timing and nature in later adulthood.
  • Revealed disparities based on education, race/ethnicity, and gender, with educated White men showing advantages and low-educated Black men and women facing disadvantages.
  • Observed convergence across social markers by age 70.

Conclusions:

  • Emphasizes the importance of intersectional analysis in understanding the complexities of the later-life work course.
  • Highlights that older Americans experience uneven and patterned pathways regarding work and nonwork.
  • Recommends further research into the dynamics of constrained and disparate choices across intersecting social locations.