Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 14, 2025

Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material
Published on: December 20, 2024
Bond strength of Ion-releasing Restorative Materials to Sound and Caries-affected Dentin
Objective:
This study evaluated the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of ion-releasing restorative materials to sound and caries-affected dentin (CAD).
Study Design:
60 teeth were randomly divided into 2 groups (sound dentin, CAD) and 5 subgroups of 6 samples each: conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC), resin-modified GIC (RMGIC), glass hybrid reinforced GIC (EQ), giomer (BII), and bioactive restorative material (ACT). μTBS analyses were performed and data were analyzed statistically.
Results:
The ACT group bonded to sound dentin and the BII group bonded to CAD showed the highest μTBS (p<0.05). The GIC, RMGIC, and ACT groups, showed significantly lower μTBS when bonded to CAD compared with sound dentin (p<0.05). However, in the BII group, there were no statistically significant differences between the samples bonded to sound and CAD (p>0.05). All groups except EQ that bonded to sound dentin showed predominantly adhesive failure.
Conclusion:
The use of the giomer can be recommended due to its more stable bond durability.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Acid Strength and Molecular Structure
In the absence of any leveling effect, the acid strength of binary compounds of hydrogen with nonmetals (A) increases as the H-A bond strength decreases down a group in the periodic table. For group 17, the order of increasing acidity is HF < HCl < HBr < HI. Likewise, for group 16, the order of increasing acid strength is H2O < H2S < H2Se < H2Te. Across a row in the periodic table, the acid strength of binary hydrogen compounds increases with increasing...
Bonding and Strength of Aggregate
Soundness of Cement
Chemical Bonds
Atoms participate in a chemical bond formation to acquire a completed valence-shell electron configuration similar to that of the noble gas nearest to it in atomic number. Ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds are some of the important types of chemical bonds. Bond energy and bond length determine the strength of a chemical bond.
Types of Chemical Bonds
An ionic bond is formed due to electrostatic attraction between cations and anions. Often, the ions are formed by the transfer of electrons...
Acidity and Basicity of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
The relative acidic strength of the derivatives can be explained based on the extent of resonance stabilization of the conjugate base. The...
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

