Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Mitochondrial Protein Sorting01:39

Mitochondrial Protein Sorting

5.1K
Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles of the eukaryotes involved in cellular metabolism, signaling, ATP synthesis, and programmed cell death.  Each of these processes requires specific proteins and enzymes that must be correctly sorted to the right mitochondrial subcompartment for the proper functioning of the organelle.
Most of these mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nucleus and imported to the mitochondria as unfolded or loosely folded precursors. Mitochondrial precursors...
5.1K
Signal Sequences and Sorting Receptors01:41

Signal Sequences and Sorting Receptors

12.2K
Signal sequences are short amino acid sequences that guide newly synthesized proteins to their proper location within the cell. Classical signal sequences are fifteen to sixty amino acids long and present at the N-terminus of a polypeptide chain. Each signal sequence has a conserved segment of basic residues towards their N terminus, a hydrophobic core, and a C-terminus rich in polar residues. The C-terminus also contains a signal cleavage site and features a -3 -1 sequence motif. The -3-1...
12.2K
Overview of Protein Sorting and Transport01:45

Overview of Protein Sorting and Transport

19.1K
Eukaryotic cells have different membrane-bound organelles with distinct protein requirements. The process by which proteins are targeted to a specific organelle is called protein sorting.
Protein sorting can be of two types: signal-based sorting and vesicle-based trafficking. In signal-based sorting, specific amino acid sequences called sorting signals target proteins to the proper location inside the cell either via gated transport or by protein translocation.  In gated transport, folded...
19.1K
Catalytically Perfect Enzymes01:07

Catalytically Perfect Enzymes

4.6K
The theory of catalytically perfect enzymes was first proposed by W.J. Albery and J. R. Knowles in 1976. These enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions at high-speed. Their catalytic efficiency values range from 108-109 M-1s-1. These enzymes are also called 'diffusion-controlled' as the only rate-limiting step in the catalysis is that of the substrate diffusion into the active site. Examples include triose phosphate isomerase, fumarase, and superoxide dismutase.
 
Most enzymes...
4.6K
Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

5.7K
Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
5.7K
Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

2.9K
Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
2.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Correction: Inference in conditioned dynamics through causality restoration.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Oxylipin-mediated metabolic signatures of symbiosis homeostasis and thermal stress in a model sea anemone.

The ISME journal·2026
Same author

Phase 2, Multicenter Studies of Pegaspargase in Pediatric Patients With Previously Untreated Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Russia: Comparative Study of Liquid and Lyophilized Pegaspargase and Roll-Over Study of Lyophilized Formulation.

Journal of pediatric hematology/oncology·2026
Same author

SH3BP5L triggers the RAB11A-regulated integrin recycling network implicated in breast cancer metastasis.

The Journal of clinical investigation·2026
Same author

An Automated Diagnosis of Myopia from an Optic Disc Image Using YOLOv11: A Feasible Approach for Non-Expert ECPs in Computer Vision.

Life (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

A competition network connects Rab5 and Rab11 GTPases at the surface of endocytic structures.

iScience·2025
Same journal

Erratum: Bacterial Turbulence at Compressible Fluid Interfaces [Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 138301 (2026)].

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Unveiling Light-Quark Yukawa Flavor Structure via Dihadron Fragmentation at Lepton Colliders.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Adaptable Route to Fast Coherent State Transport via Bang-Bang-Bang Protocols.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Topological Transition and Emergence of Elasticity of Dislocation in Skyrmion Lattice: Beyond Kittel's Magnetic-Polar Analogy.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Pound-Drever-Hall Method for Superconducting-Qubit Readout.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Coupling a ^{73}Ge Nuclear Spin to an Electrostatically Defined Quantum Dot in Silicon.

Physical review letters·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 13, 2025

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly
09:34

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly

Published on: February 6, 2020

7.6K

Optimality in Self-Organized Molecular Sorting.

Marco Zamparo1,2, Donatella Valdembri3,4, Guido Serini3,4

  • 1Institute of Condensed Matter Physics and Complex Systems, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.

Physical Review Letters
|March 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals optimal conditions for molecular sorting in cells, where proteins are concentrated into lipid vesicles. The findings suggest cells may naturally utilize these efficient distillation processes.

More Related Videos

Setting a Successful Sorting for Extracellular Vesicle Isolation
08:37

Setting a Successful Sorting for Extracellular Vesicle Isolation

Published on: October 11, 2024

1.4K
A Method for Selecting Structure-switching Aptamers Applied to a Colorimetric Gold Nanoparticle Assay
12:31

A Method for Selecting Structure-switching Aptamers Applied to a Colorimetric Gold Nanoparticle Assay

Published on: February 28, 2015

15.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 13, 2025

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly
09:34

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly

Published on: February 6, 2020

7.6K
Setting a Successful Sorting for Extracellular Vesicle Isolation
08:37

Setting a Successful Sorting for Extracellular Vesicle Isolation

Published on: October 11, 2024

1.4K
A Method for Selecting Structure-switching Aptamers Applied to a Colorimetric Gold Nanoparticle Assay
12:31

A Method for Selecting Structure-switching Aptamers Applied to a Colorimetric Gold Nanoparticle Assay

Published on: February 28, 2015

15.4K

Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Biophysics
  • Physical chemistry

Background:

  • Eukaryotic cells utilize molecular sorting to concentrate specific proteins into lipid vesicles.
  • Understanding the physical mechanisms driving this protein concentration and vesicle formation is crucial for cell biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a physical model explaining molecular sorting and protein concentration into lipid vesicles.
  • To investigate the relationship between molecular aggregation, vesicle nucleation, and sorting efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Formulation of a model coupling spontaneous molecular aggregation with vesicle nucleation.
  • Application of phenomenological theory to describe molecule diffusion towards sorting centers.
  • Comparison of theoretical predictions with numerical simulations and experimental data.

Main Results:

  • The molecular sorting process is most efficient at intermediate aggregation rates.
  • Optimal conditions lead to minimal sorted molecule density and follow simple scaling laws.
  • Quantitative measures in endothelial cells support the hypothesis of naturally occurring optimal sorting.

Conclusions:

  • A simple physical picture explains molecular sorting and protein distillation into vesicles.
  • The study identifies optimal conditions for efficient molecular sorting in cellular processes.
  • Findings suggest living cells operate under these optimal conditions for endocytic sorting.