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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...

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Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

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Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...

Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...

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Stimuli-Responsive Multifunctional Phenylboronic Acid Polymers Via Multicomponent Reactions: From Synthesis to

Yuan Zeng¹, Chongyu Zhu², Lei Tao¹

¹The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.

Macromolecular Rapid Communications

|March 13, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Multifunctional phenylboronic acid polymers (MF-PBA-polymers) are synthesized using multicomponent reactions (MCRs). These advanced polymers offer unique properties like fluorescence and antimicrobial activity for applications in drug delivery and self-healing hydrogels.

Keywords:

hydrogels multicomponent reactions phenylboronic acids stimuli-responsive polymers

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Published on: November 21, 2017

Area of Science:

Polymer Chemistry
Materials Science
Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

Stimuli-responsive polymers change properties with environmental shifts.
Phenylboronic acid (PBA) polymers selectively bind diols, forming pH, sugar, and H2O2-sensitive borates.
PBA-polymers are crucial for smart drug carriers and self-healing hydrogels.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the preparation of multifunctional PBA-polymers (MF-PBA-polymers) synthesized via multicomponent reactions (MCRs).
To discuss novel properties and functions introduced by MCRs into PBA-polymers.
To highlight applications of MF-PBA-polymers in advanced materials.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of MF-PBA-polymers utilizing multicomponent reactions (MCRs).
Incorporation of PBA groups into polymer architectures through MCRs.
Characterization of novel properties such as fluorescence, antimicrobial, and antioxidant capabilities.

Main Results:

MF-PBA-polymers exhibit enhanced functionalities beyond traditional PBA-polymers.
MCRs enable the introduction of diverse properties like fluorescence and bioactivity.
Successful application of MF-PBA-polymers as fluorescent anticoagulants, drug carriers, and hydrogel gelators.

Conclusions:

MF-PBA-polymers represent a significant advancement in stimuli-responsive materials.
MCRs offer a versatile platform for designing polymers with tailored functionalities.
Future research directions include overcoming synthetic challenges and exploring new applications.