Enzyme embedded microfluidic paper-based analytic device (μPAD): a comprehensive review.

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Biomedical Engineering
• Materials Science

Background:

• Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) are portable, low-cost lab-on-chip systems for on-site analysis.
• Enzyme incorporation enhances μPAD performance, offering improved stability and analytical capabilities.
• These devices are compact, user-friendly, and require minimal external equipment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of enzyme-μPADs, covering their design, fabrication, and enzyme immobilization.
• To highlight recent applications of enzyme-μPADs in biomedical, food safety, and environmental monitoring.
• To discuss smartphone-based detection tools and future perspectives for enzyme-μPAD development.

Main Methods:

• Review of literature on enzyme-μPAD design and fabrication.
• Analysis of enzyme immobilization strategies for enhanced device performance.
• Summarization of recent applications and detection mechanisms in various fields.
• Inclusion of smartphone-based scanning tools for point-of-care applications.

Main Results:

• Enzyme-μPADs demonstrate significant potential for revolutionizing biosensing with their ease of fabrication and operation.
• Diverse applications in clinical diagnostics, food safety, and environmental monitoring have been established.
• Smartphone integration offers a promising avenue for user-friendly, on-site data analysis.

Conclusions:

• Enzyme-μPADs represent a significant advancement in biosensing technology, offering accessible and reliable analytical tools.
• The integration of enzymes and smartphone technology enhances the capabilities and reach of paper-based diagnostics.
• Further development holds promise for expanding the application scope and improving the accuracy of these devices.