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Related Concept Videos

Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

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Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....
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Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

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Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
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Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

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Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...
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Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

45.9K
Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
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Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains
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Exact dimer phase with anisotropic interaction for one dimensional magnets.

Hong-Ze Xu1, Shun-Yao Zhang1, Guang-Can Guo1,2,3

  • 1CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.

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|March 20, 2021
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Researchers explored the extended XYZ model, revealing an exact dimer phase and three ferromagnetic phases. Anisotropy is key to understanding one-dimensional magnets and resolving experimental discrepancies.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Magnetism

Background:

  • The isotropic Majumdar-Ghosh model describes a specific magnetic phase.
  • Generalizing to anisotropic interactions is crucial for realistic magnetic systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the ground states of the extended XYZ model in the fully anisotropic region.
  • To identify and characterize novel magnetic phases and their boundaries.

Main Methods:

  • Generalization of the isotropic Majumdar-Ghosh model to anisotropic interactions.
  • Analysis of phase boundaries using symmetry breaking (translational and [Formula: see text]).
  • Characterization of boundary properties via entanglement entropy and excitation gaps.

Main Results:

  • Discovery of an exact dimer phase, characterized by singlet dimers.
  • Identification of three distinct ferromagnetic (FM) phases (x-FM, y-FM, z-FM).
  • Demonstration that phase boundaries exhibit infinite-fold degeneracy, reducible by symmetry breaking.

Conclusions:

  • Anisotropy is essential for realizing the exact dimer phase in one-dimensional magnets.
  • The study provides insights into critical phenomena at phase boundaries, relevant for understanding magnetic materials.
  • Anisotropy may reconcile theoretical predictions with experimental observations in magnets.