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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

Binarization-Loophole-Free Observation of High-Dimensional Quantum Nonlocality.

Jia-le Miao^1,2,3, Elna Svegborn⁴, Zhuo Chen^1,2,3

¹University of Science and Technology of China, Laboratory of Quantum Information, Hefei 230026, China.

Physical Review Letters

|July 7, 2026

Summary

Researchers closed a loophole in high-dimensional Bell inequality tests by using genuine multi-outcome measurements with four-dimensional entanglement. This demonstrates true high-dimensional nonlocality, overcoming limitations of binary-outcome approximations.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

Area of Science:

Quantum Information Science
Quantum Foundations
Experimental Quantum Physics

Background:

Bell inequality tests are crucial for understanding quantum mechanics.
High-dimensional entanglement tests often rely on emulating multi-outcome measurements with binary outcomes.
This emulation introduces a loophole exploitable by local hidden variable models.

Purpose of the Study:

To close the binarization loophole in high-dimensional Bell inequality tests.
To demonstrate genuinely high-dimensional nonlocality.
To validate quantum models beyond lower-dimensional entanglement.

Main Methods:

Utilized four-dimensional photonic path-mode entanglement.
Employed genuine multi-outcome detection.
Tested the Collins-Gisin-Linden-Massar-Popescu inequality and a tailored high-dimensional Bell inequality.

Main Results:

Observed significant violations of the tested Bell inequalities.
Demonstrated genuine high-dimensional nonlocality.
Ruled out quantum models based on lower-dimensional entanglement.

Conclusions:

The study successfully closes the binarization loophole in high-dimensional Bell tests.
Genuine multi-outcome measurements are essential for robust tests of nonlocality.
The findings confirm the existence of high-dimensional nonlocality, free from experimental artifacts.