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Time-Delay Integration Imaging with ICON's Far-Ultraviolet Imager.

Colin W Wilkins1, Stephen B Mende2, Harald U Frey2

  • 1Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

Space Science Reviews
|March 24, 2021
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Summary

A new Time-Delay Integration (TDI) system enhances imaging of Earth's ionosphere using the Far Ultraviolet Spectrographic Imager. This system corrects optical distortions and compensates for motion, improving data quality for space-based observations.

Keywords:
CCD ImagingFPGAFar UltravioletInstrumentationIonosphereTDI

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Area of Science:

  • Space Physics
  • Remote Sensing
  • Instrument Development

Background:

  • Earth's ionosphere emits Far Ultraviolet (FUV) light, particularly at 135.6 nm, providing insights into atmospheric dynamics.
  • Observing these emissions from Low Earth Orbit (LEO) requires sophisticated imaging systems to compensate for spacecraft motion and optical distortions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and present a Time-Delay Integration (TDI) image processing system for the ICON mission's FUV Spectrographic Imager.
  • To enable motion-compensated imaging of Earth's nightside ionospheric limb and sub-limb.
  • To provide corrections for optical distortions inherent in the FUV Imager's optics.

Main Methods:

  • Designed a TDI system as a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) module.
  • Implemented variable-range motion compensation for LEO observations.
  • Integrated optical distortion correction capabilities.
  • Developed processing for simultaneous 135.6 nm and 157.0 nm wavelength altitude profiles for dayside observations.

Main Results:

  • The TDI system successfully compensates for motion and corrects optical distortions.
  • Demonstrated simultaneous processing of multiple FUV wavelengths.
  • Achieved minimization of on-board data throughput and telemetry, crucial for space missions.
  • Validated system performance through simulation and Engineering Ground Support Equipment (EGSE) testing.

Conclusions:

  • The developed TDI system is a robust solution for enhancing FUV imaging of the ionosphere.
  • The FPGA implementation offers an efficient and effective approach for on-board data processing.
  • The system meets the mission requirements for high-quality ionospheric observations from LEO.