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Related Concept Videos

Flame Photometry: Lab01:16

Flame Photometry: Lab

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In a flame photometer, when a solution like potassium chloride is aspirated into the flame, the solvent evaporates, leaving behind dehydrated salt. This salt dissociates into free gaseous atoms in their ground state. Some of these atoms absorb energy from the flame, leading to their excitation. The excited atoms return to the ground state, emitting photons at characteristic wavelengths. Because only electronic transitions are involved, the resulting emission lines are very narrow. The intensity...
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Flame Photometry: Overview01:02

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Flame photometry, also known as flame emission spectrometry, is a technique used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of elements present in a sample using a flame as the source of excitation energy. The concept of flame photometry was realized in the early 1860s by Kirchhoff and Bunsen, who discovered that specific elements emit characteristic radiation when excited in flames. The first instrument developed for this purpose was used to measure sodium (Na) in plant ash using a Bunsen...
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When solids, liquids, or condensed gases are heated sufficiently, they radiate some of the excess energy as light. Photons produced in this manner have a range of energies, and thereby produce a continuous spectrum in which an unbroken series of wavelengths is present.
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When light passes through a substance, a portion of the light is absorbed while the remaining light is reflected or transmitted. If the molecule absorbs light between the wavelengths of 180–400 nm range, the UV spectrum is obtained, and if it absorbs light in the 400–780 nm wavelength range, the visible spectrum is obtained.     
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Ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible or UV–Vis) spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the interaction between matter and UV–Vis light within the electromagnetic spectrum. This method is widely used for its versatility, simplicity, and relatively quick data acquisition, making it valuable for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. When UV–Vis radiation passes through a material,  molecules absorb light depending on the energy required for...
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UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

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The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell.
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Impacts of Thunderstorm-Generated Gravity Waves on the Ionosphere-Thermosphere Using TIEGCM-NG/MAGIC Simulations and Comparisons With GNSS TEC, ICON, and COSMIC-2 Observations.

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Updated: Aug 25, 2025

Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths
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Neutral Composition Information in ICON EUV Dayglow Observations.

Richard M Tuminello1,2, Scott L England1, Martin M Sirk3

  • 1Aerospace and Ocean Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA USA.

Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics
|October 17, 2022
PubMed
Summary

The NASA ICON mission uses extreme-UV airglow to study Earth's upper atmosphere. This study reveals a new nitrogen emission feature that can also be used to observe the neutral thermosphere.

Keywords:
EUVICONairglowdayglowremote sensingthermosphere

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Area of Science:

  • Space Physics
  • Atmospheric Science
  • Remote Sensing

Background:

  • Ultraviolet (UV) airglow is crucial for remote sensing of Earth's ionosphere and thermosphere.
  • The NASA Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) mission utilizes UV airglow for atmospheric studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine unutilized dayglow features captured by the ICON EUV spectrometer.
  • To demonstrate the utility of a newly identified nitrogen emission feature for thermospheric observation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of extreme-UV (EUV) spectral data from the ICON spacecraft.
  • Identification and characterization of specific nitrogen emission features in the EUV spectrum.

Main Results:

  • The ICON EUV spectrometer captures various dayglow features beyond those typically used.
  • A nitrogen emission feature around 87.8 nm was identified.
  • This nitrogen feature shows potential for observing the neutral thermosphere.

Conclusions:

  • The ICON EUV instrument provides additional data beyond its primary objectives.
  • The 87.8 nm nitrogen feature offers a new avenue for studying the neutral thermosphere.
  • Expanding the use of ICON data can enhance our understanding of upper atmospheric dynamics.