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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 11, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Type 1 Diabetes Research Using Innovative Pancreatic Slice Platforms
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Type 1 diabetes mellitus: much progress, many opportunities.

Alvin C Powers

    The Journal of Clinical Investigation
    |March 24, 2021
    PubMed
    Summary

    Type 1 diabetes (T1D) involves autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, requiring lifelong insulin. This review explores T1D

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology and Immunology
    • Metabolic Diseases
    • Autoimmune Disorders

    Background:

    • Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
    • Lifelong insulin therapy is essential for managing T1D.
    • Significant heterogeneity exists in T1D's genetic, pathological, and clinical aspects.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the current understanding of T1D, including genetics, pathogenesis, treatment, and outcomes.
    • To highlight knowledge gaps and opportunities for advancing T1D research.
    • To discuss emerging therapies for T1D prevention and treatment.

    Main Methods:

    • Comprehensive literature review of T1D research.
    • Analysis of genetic, pathological, and clinical data.

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  • Synthesis of current knowledge and emerging therapeutic strategies.

    • Main Results:

    • T1D exhibits considerable heterogeneity across genetic, pathological, and clinical parameters.
    • Understanding this heterogeneity is crucial for personalized treatment approaches.
    • Emerging therapies offer new avenues for T1D management and prevention.

    Conclusions:

    • Further research is needed to address knowledge gaps in T1D pathogenesis.
    • Personalized approaches are essential due to T1D's heterogeneity.
    • Advancements in therapies hold promise for reducing the burden of T1D.