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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
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Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

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The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
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Abnormal Proliferation02:23

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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 11, 2025

Spatial and Temporal Control of Murine Melanoma Initiation from Mutant Melanocyte Stem Cells
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Spatial and Temporal Control of Murine Melanoma Initiation from Mutant Melanocyte Stem Cells

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[Melanocytic Tumors].

Kouichirou Okamoto1, Manabu Natsumeda, Makoto Oishi

  • 1Department of Translational Research, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University.

No Shinkei Geka. Neurological Surgery
|March 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Primary melanocytic neoplasms of the central nervous system (CNS) originate from leptomeningeal melanocytes. Distinguishing these from other CNS tumors is crucial for appropriate patient management and therapy.

Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Dermatology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Primary melanocytic neoplasms of the CNS arise from leptomeningeal melanocytes, often linked to neural crest derivatives.
  • Neoplasms associated with neurocutaneous melanosis may stem from melanocyte precursors with somatic mutations, frequently in NRAS.
  • Accurate differentiation from metastatic melanoma and other melanotic CNS tumors (schwannomas, gliomas, etc.) is vital for treatment and patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To classify and differentiate primary melanocytic neoplasms of the CNS.
  • To outline the distinct radiological features of various melanocytic CNS lesions.
  • To emphasize the importance of distinguishing these neoplasms for therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and classification of CNS melanocytic lesions.

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Implantation and Evaluation of Melanoma in the Murine Choroid via Optical Coherence Tomography
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Implantation and Evaluation of Melanoma in the Murine Choroid via Optical Coherence Tomography

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  • Analysis of characteristic imaging findings on CT and MRI for different lesion types.
  • Correlation of histopathological features with radiological appearances.

    • Main Results:

    • Primary melanocytic CNS lesions are categorized into melanocytoses (diffuse, non-mass-forming), melanomatoses (malignant, diffuse/multifocal), melanocytomas (benign/intermediate-grade tumors), and melanomas (discrete malignant tumors).
    • Imaging findings include diffuse leptomeningeal thickening and enhancement, with or without nodularity.
    • Melanin content influences CT (iso- to hyperattenuation) and MRI (T1WIs: isointense; T2WIs: iso- to hypointense) characteristics.

    Conclusions:

    • Primary melanocytic neoplasms of the CNS represent a distinct group requiring specific diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
    • Radiological features, particularly those related to melanin content, aid in characterizing these lesions.
    • Precise classification is essential for guiding patient workup and treatment decisions.