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Related Concept Videos

Chirality02:25

Chirality

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Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
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Propagation of Waves01:07

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When a wave propagates from one medium to another, part of it may get reflected in the first medium, and part of it may get transmitted to the second medium. In such a case, the interface of the two mediums can be considered as a boundary that is neither fixed nor free.
Consider a scenario where a wave propagates from a string of low linear mass density to a string of high linear mass density. In such a case, the reflected wave is out of phase with respect to the incident wave, however the...
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Chirality in Nature02:30

Chirality in Nature

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Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
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Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur02:30

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

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Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...
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Prochirality02:05

Prochirality

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The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
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Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

Standing Waves in a Cavity

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A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 11, 2025

Using Microwave and Macroscopic Samples of Dielectric Solids to Study the Photonic Properties of Disordered Photonic Bandgap Materials
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Propagating Chiral Phonons in Three-Dimensional Materials.

Hao Chen1, Weikang Wu2,3, Jiaojiao Zhu2

  • 1NNU-SULI Thermal Energy Research Center and Center for Quantum Transport and Thermal Energy Science (CQTES), School of Physics and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.

Nano Letters
|March 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers introduce propagating three-dimensional (3D) chiral phonons, which can transport chirality and angular momentum. This discovery in WN2 opens new avenues for phononic quantum devices.

Keywords:
first-principles calculationsintervalley transitionpropagating chiral phononspseudoangular momentumthree-dimensional systems

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Information

Background:

  • Chiral phonons were previously confined to two-dimensional (2D) systems with vanishing group velocities.
  • Their unique properties have impacted various research fields, but their localized nature limited applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and demonstrate the existence of propagating three-dimensional (3D) chiral phonons.
  • To explore their potential for transporting chirality and angular momentum.
  • To lay the groundwork for novel phononic quantum devices.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical proposal of propagating 3D chiral phonons based on necessary conditions.
  • First-principles calculations to verify their existence in WN2.
  • Analysis of chirality, group velocity, and pseudoangular momentum.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the existence of propagating 3D chiral phonons in WN2.
  • Characterized their chirality, group velocity, and pseudoangular momentum.
  • Identified selective coupling with valley electrons and photons.

Conclusions:

  • Propagating 3D chiral phonons can transport quantized information, including chirality and angular momentum.
  • This finding establishes a new research direction for chiral phononics.
  • Enables the design of novel phononic quantum devices.