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Related Concept Videos

Permeability of Concrete01:25

Permeability of Concrete

307
Permeability in the context of concrete refers to how easily liquids or gases can pass through the material. This quality is crucial for assessing the water-tightness and durability of concrete structures and their resistance to chemical attacks. Concrete permeability can be determined through comparative laboratory tests. These tests typically involve sealing a concrete specimen from the sides, applying water pressure to the top surface with pressure, and measuring the amount of water passing...
307
Porosity in Cement Paste01:18

Porosity in Cement Paste

308
The porosity of concrete is a measure of the void spaces within its structure. These spaces impact its strength and durability significantly. When water and cement interact, a chemical reaction called hydration creates a semi-solid paste. This paste includes combined water, making up approximately 23% of the cement's dry mass, and gel water, which fills minuscule voids known as gel pores, accounting for about 28% of the cement gel volume.
The balance of water to cement in the mix is...
308
Porosity and Absorption of Aggregate01:20

Porosity and Absorption of Aggregate

552
Aggregates contain pores of varying sizes; while some are completely enclosed within the particles, others open onto the surface, allowing water to penetrate. The porosity of aggregates is a major factor contributing to the overall porosity of concrete, given that aggregates constitute about three-quarters of concrete's volume.
When all pores in an aggregate are filled with water, the aggregate is considered saturated and surface-dry. If left in dry air, water will evaporate until the...
552
Pore Size Distribution01:23

Pore Size Distribution

261
In concrete, the pore size distribution significantly influences the material's properties. Capillary pores, markedly larger than gel pores, form a vast network within partially hydrated cement paste, reducing the concrete's strength and increasing its permeability. This heightened permeability leads to a greater risk of damage from environmental factors like freeze-thaw cycles and chemical attacks, with the extent of vulnerability also being tied to the water-to-cement ratio.
Adequate...
261
Total Voids in Concrete01:12

Total Voids in Concrete

277
Total voids in concrete encompass gel water volume, capillary pores, and entrapped air. Gel water (retained within the cement hydration products) and physically entrapped or adsorbed water are significant for the hydration process. For complete hydration, it's estimated that the space needed for the products of a cubic centimeter of cement doubles. Capillary pores constitute the unoccupied space within the hydrated cement paste, with their size largely influenced by the water-to-cement...
277

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 11, 2025

Microbubble Fabrication of Concave-porosity PDMS Beads
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Engineering Permanent Porosity into Liquids.

Kecheng Jie1, Yujuan Zhou1,2, Hugh P Ryan1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|March 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Porous liquids, once hypothetical, are now being synthesized using various porous scaffolds. These materials show promise for gas storage, transport, and chemical separations in industry.

Keywords:
adsorptionionic liquidsmicroporosityporous liquidsseparation

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • The concept of porous liquids was introduced in 2007 but remained largely theoretical due to synthesis challenges.
  • Recent advancements have enabled the creation of porous liquids using established porous materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review early successful constructions of porous liquids.
  • To classify these prototypes based on existing definitions.
  • To analyze design strategies and structure-property relationships.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on early reports and prototypes of porous liquids.
  • Classification according to predefined porous liquid types.
  • Analysis of design strategies and structure-property correlations.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of porous liquids using coordination cages, MOFs, zeolites, and polymers.
  • Demonstration of potential applications in gas storage, transport, and separations.
  • Identification of key design principles and structure-property links.

Conclusions:

  • Porous liquids are transitioning from hypothetical to tangible materials.
  • Early prototypes exhibit significant potential for industrial chemical applications.
  • Further research is needed to address challenges in preparation, stability, and scalability.