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Small-scale membrane-based arsenic removal for decentralized applications-Developing a conceptual approach for future

Edgardo E Cañas Kurz¹, Ulrich Hellriegel¹, Alberto Figoli²

¹Laboratory of Industrial and Synthetic Organic Chemistry (LISOC), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci 12/C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy; Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council (CNR-ITM), Via Pietro Bucci 17/C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy; Center of Applied Research, Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Moltkestr. 30, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany.

|March 26, 2021

Summary

This review compares membrane technologies and adsorption for removing arsenic (As) from drinking water, focusing on small-scale applications. It highlights challenges and proposes a holistic approach for safe water access in vulnerable communities.

Keywords:

Arsenate Arsenic removal Arsenite Concentrate disposal Membrane technologies

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Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Water Treatment Technologies

Background:

Arsenic contamination in drinking water poses a significant threat, especially in rural areas with limited access to potable water.
Various technologies exist for arsenic removal, but few are suitable for small-scale applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate and compare membrane-based technologies with alternatives like adsorption for arsenic removal (arsenate As(V) and arsenite As(III)).
To assess the suitability of these technologies for small-scale applications, considering factors like WHO guideline compliance and waste disposal.

Main Methods:

Systematic review and comparison of scientific literature, case studies, and pilot trials.
Evaluation of membrane technologies for small-scale (<10 m³/day) applications, including the potential use of renewable energy sources like solar power.

Main Results:

Membrane technologies offer advantages but also present challenges for arsenic removal in small-scale settings.
Adsorption is a key alternative technology, with both methods needing to meet stringent WHO guidelines (10 µg/L As) and manage arsenic-laden waste safely.

Conclusions:

A holistic approach to arsenic mitigation is crucial for ensuring safe water supply and preventing exposure.
Further research and development are needed to optimize small-scale arsenic removal technologies, potentially integrating renewable energy sources.