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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan01:30

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Description
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Ventilation Perfusion Scans are two radiological investigations that offer detailed diagnostic images of the body, particularly lung structures.
MRI
MRI uses magnetic fields and radiofrequency signals to distinguish between normal and abnormal tissues. This technology provides a more detailed diagnostic image than CT scans, enabling it to characterize pulmonary nodules, stage bronchogenic carcinoma, and evaluate inflammatory activity in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 11, 2025

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quantification of Pulmonary Perfusion using Calibrated Arterial Spin Labeling
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A perfusion phantom for ASL MRI based on impinging jets.

Marianna Gabrielyan1, M Dylan Tisdall2, Christoph Kammer3

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|March 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel perfusion phantom for validating arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion MRI. The phantom accurately simulates perfusion-like conditions, showing reproducible results within the physiological range for brain imaging.

Keywords:
arterial spin labelingcerebral blood flowcomputational fluid dynamicsperfusionphantom

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) MRI is crucial for non-invasively measuring brain perfusion.
  • Validation of ASL methods requires reliable phantoms that accurately mimic physiological conditions.
  • Existing phantoms may not fully capture the complexities of blood flow and mixing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel perfusion phantom for ASL perfusion MRI.
  • To assess the phantom's ability to simulate perfusion-like mixing and signal changes.
  • To evaluate the phantom's utility for testing ASL sequences and protocols.

Main Methods:

  • A perfusion phantom utilizing impinging jets and a peristaltic pump was designed.
  • ASL-MRI data were acquired using pseudo-continuous ASL sequences with 3D stack-of-spirals and 2D EPI readouts.
  • Varying pump rates and post-labeling delays were employed to validate the phantom.

Main Results:

  • Fluid dynamics simulations predicted optimal mixing within the phantom's central axis.
  • Experimental data showed reproducible signal changes consistent with the Buxton kinetic model.
  • Calculated perfusion rates closely matched the volumetric flow rates from the pump, with no observed label outflow.

Conclusions:

  • The novel impinging jet phantom effectively simulates perfusion-like conditions and well-mixed compartments.
  • The phantom provides reproducible perfusion and transit time values within the physiological range.
  • This phantom design offers significant potential for ASL MRI research and clinical applications.