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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab01:21

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab

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For AAS measurements, samples must be introduced as clear solutions, often requiring extensive preliminary treatment to dissolve materials like soils, animal tissues, and minerals. Common methods for sample preparation include treatment with hot mineral acids, wet ashing, combustion in closed containers, high-temperature ashing, or fusion with reagents.
 Solutions containing organic solvents, such as low-molecular-mass alcohols, esters, or ketones, enhance absorbances by increasing...
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

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AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
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Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used....
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Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy01:29

Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy

650
Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) is an analytical technique that involves the electronic transitions of atoms in a flame, furnace, or plasma being excited by electromagnetic (EM) radiation. When these atoms absorb energy, they become excited and subsequently release energy as they return to their original state. This emitted light, or "fluorescence," is observed at a right angle to the incident beam. Both absorption and emission processes transpire at distinct wavelengths, which...
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

1.3K
An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...
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Biological Samples Preparation for Speciation at Cryogenic Temperature using High-Resolution X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy
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Feasibility of Laboratory-Based EXAFS Spectroscopy with Cryogenic Detectors.

Simon J George1, Matthew H Carpenter1, Stephan Friedrich2

  • 1STAR Cryoelectronics, Santa Fe NM 87508 USA.

Journal of Low Temperature Physics
|March 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Superconducting tunnel junction detectors show promise for a new laboratory-based Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) spectrometer, potentially making this powerful molecular structure analysis technique more accessible outside of large synchrotron facilities.

Keywords:
Cryogenic DetectorsEXAFSSTJ DetectorsXAS

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Spectroscopy
  • Physics

Background:

  • Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy provides crucial element-specific molecular structure information.
  • Current EXAFS analysis is limited to specialized synchrotron radiation light sources, hindering broader accessibility.
  • Developing a laboratory-based EXAFS instrument is a significant technological goal.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feasibility of using cryogenic detectors in a laboratory transmission EXAFS instrument.
  • To evaluate the performance requirements for energy resolution, count-rate, and detector stability in EXAFS spectroscopy.
  • To compare the capabilities of cryogenic detectors with conventional X-ray optics for this application.

Main Methods:

  • Exploration of cryogenic detector technology as an energy-resolving component.
  • Analysis of critical parameters: energy resolution, count-rate, and detector stability.
  • Comparative assessment against established X-ray optics and detector systems.

Main Results:

  • Cryogenic detectors, specifically superconducting tunnel junction (STJ) detectors, demonstrate suitable properties for EXAFS analysis.
  • STJ detectors meet the stringent requirements for energy resolution and stability needed for high-quality EXAFS spectra.
  • The potential for a compact, laboratory-based EXAFS spectrometer is highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • Superconducting tunnel junction detectors are a viable and promising technology for a new generation of laboratory EXAFS spectrometers.
  • This advancement could significantly increase the accessibility of EXAFS spectroscopy for molecular structure determination.
  • The development paves the way for wider application of EXAFS analysis in various scientific fields.