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A Highly Linear Calibration Metric for TES X-ray Microcalorimeters.

C G Pappas¹, J W Fowler¹, D A Bennett¹

¹Quantum Sensors Group, NIST Boulder Laboratories, 325 Broadway, MS 687.08, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.

Journal of Low Temperature Physics

|March 12, 2025

Summary

Transition-edge sensor X-ray microcalorimeters benefit from a new calibration metric, E_Joule, which offers superior linearity over the traditional optimal filtered pulse height (OFPH). This advancement promises more accurate and efficient X-ray microcalorimeter calibration.

Keywords:

Detector calibration Microcalorimeter Transition-edge sensor (TES)X-ray spectroscopy

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Area of Science:

Physics
Astrophysics
Detector Physics

Background:

Transition-edge sensor X-ray microcalorimeters are typically calibrated using empirical methods.
The standard calibration metric, optimal filtered pulse height (OFPH), exhibits an unknown dependence on photon energy (Eγ), leading to calibration errors and extensive measurement requirements.
A more linear calibration metric is needed to improve accuracy and reduce calibration time.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the linearity of a physically motivated calibration metric, E_Joule, for X-ray microcalorimeters.
To compare the linearity of E_Joule with the conventional OFPH metric.
To evaluate the performance of an optimized version, E_J, for calibration.

Main Methods:

Calibration pulses were measured for photon energies between 4.5 keV and 9.6 keV.
Detectors were optimized for 6 keV photons to facilitate direct comparison.
The linearity of E_Joule and OFPH was analyzed using the measured data.

Main Results:

E_Joule demonstrated an order of magnitude better fit to a linear function compared to OFPH in the tested energy range.
The optimized metric, E_J, exhibited linearity within the 2-3 eV noise level of the data.
These findings indicate a significant improvement in linearity over OFPH.

Conclusions:

The E_Joule metric, and its optimized form E_J, offer a more linear and potentially more accurate calibration method for transition-edge sensor X-ray microcalorimeters.
This improved linearity can reduce calibration errors and the need for time-consuming calibration procedures.
The results suggest E_Joule is a promising alternative to OFPH for advanced X-ray detector calibration.