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The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Analysis of Hematopoietic Stem Progenitor Cell Metabolism
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Stem Cell Metabolism and Diet.

Marine Barthez1, Zehan Song1, Chih Ling Wang1

  • 1Program in Metabolic Biology, Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720.

Current Stem Cell Reports
|March 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diet significantly impacts stem cell metabolism, influencing aging and health. Understanding nutrient sensing pathways offers therapeutic potential for reversing stem cell aging and tissue degeneration.

Keywords:
SIRT2SIRT3SIRT7calorie restrictionmTORstem cell metabolism

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Metabolism
  • Aging research

Background:

  • Diet profoundly influences health and longevity.
  • Emerging evidence links diet to metabolic pathways in tissue-specific stem cells.
  • Stem cell metabolism plays a crucial role in health and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review similarities and differences in stem cell metabolism across tissues.
  • Highlight the mitochondrial metabolic checkpoint in stem cell maintenance and aging.
  • Discuss dietary regulation of nutrient sensing pathways and stem cell maintenance.
  • Explore therapeutic implications of dietary and metabolic regulation of stem cells.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of stem cell metabolism and diet.
  • Analysis of nutrient sensing pathways in stem cells.
  • Examination of mitochondrial metabolic checkpoints.
  • Discussion of therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Stem cell transition from quiescence to proliferation involves a metabolic switch from glycolysis to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS).
  • The mitochondrial metabolic checkpoint is regulated by nutrient sensors SIRT2, SIRT3, and SIRT7 in hematopoietic stem cells.
  • Intestine stem cell homeostasis during aging and in response to diet depends on fatty acid metabolism and ketone bodies, influenced by mTOR.

Conclusions:

  • Nutrient sensing metabolic pathways are critical regulators of stem cell maintenance during aging and in response to dietary changes.
  • Elucidating these mechanisms provides insights into stem cell biology.
  • Targeting dietary and metabolic regulation of stem cells offers therapeutic potential for reversing aging and tissue degeneration.