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Risk Factors Associated With Long-term Feeding Problems in Preterm Infants: A Scoping Review.

Sandra Fucile1, Dawa Samdup, Vanessa MacFarlane

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Advances in Neonatal Care : Official Journal of the National Association of Neonatal Nurses
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Summary
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Preterm infants born younger and smaller face higher risks of persistent feeding problems. Early intervention services should target these vulnerable preterm infants for better outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Neonatology
  • Developmental Pediatrics

Background:

  • Preterm infants (<37 weeks' gestation) are susceptible to feeding difficulties.
  • These feeding problems can persist beyond infancy, impacting children aged 1-6 years.
  • Identifying risk factors is crucial for timely intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a scoping review identifying risk factors for persistent feeding problems in preterm children (1-6 years).
  • Focus on factors associated with feeding ability and food refusal in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework.
  • Inclusion of peer-reviewed empirical studies examining feeding problems and risk factors in preterm children.
  • Analysis of risk factors including age, weight, and medical conditions.

Main Results:

  • Nine articles met the inclusion criteria for the review.
  • Gestational age and birth weight were identified as significant risk factors.
  • Potential risk factors include sex, duration of mechanical ventilation, and length of tube feedings.

Conclusions:

  • Younger and smaller preterm infants are at increased risk for oral feeding difficulties.
  • Early intervention services are recommended for these high-risk preterm infants.
  • Further research is needed on the optimal timing and intensity of early intervention strategies.