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Risk Factors for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study
Fatemeh Nasiri Amiri1, Mahbobeh Faramarzi1, Afsaneh Bakhtiari1
1Midwifery Department, Fateme Zahra Fertility & Infertility Research Health Center, Health Research Institute (FNA, AB, SO) and Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
Low physical activity and obesity before pregnancy are key risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Identifying these factors aids in GDM prevention strategies.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Endocrinology
- Public Health
Background:
- Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) poses risks during pregnancy.
- Understanding GDM causes is crucial for diagnosis and prevention.
- Identifying etiological agents and risk factors is essential.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
- To explore potential etiological agents contributing to GDM.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study involving 100 women with GDM and 100 healthy pregnant women.
- GDM diagnosis confirmed via oral glucose tolerance test (Carpenter and Coustan criteria).
- Statistical analysis using SPSS software for descriptive and inferential statistics.
Main Results:
- Multivariate analysis revealed four significant GDM risk factors.
- Low prepregnancy physical activity (OR=2.85) and family history of diabetes (OR=5.62) were significant.
- Advanced maternal age (OR=1.24) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²; OR=1.10) were also identified risk factors.
Conclusions:
- Low prepregnancy physical activity and obesity are significantly associated with GDM risk.
- Findings support the development of targeted GDM prevention strategies.
- Early identification of at-risk individuals can improve maternal and infant outcomes.
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