Device Therapy of Hypertension.

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Medicine
• Hypertension Research
• Neuromodulation

Background:

• Hypertension management traditionally relies on lifestyle changes and medication.
• Emerging interventional therapies focus on the sympathetic nervous system's role in hypertension.
• Peripheral and central nervous system targets are being explored for blood pressure control.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current and emerging interventional technologies for hypertension management.
• To evaluate the preclinical rationale and human evidence for these novel therapies.
• To highlight areas for future investigation in hypertension treatment.

Main Methods:

• Review of preclinical data and human clinical trials.
• Focus on neuromodulatory techniques targeting the sympathetic nervous system.
• Exploration of both peripheral and central nervous system interventions.

Main Results:

• Renal denervation (using radiofrequency and ultrasound) is the most advanced, showing safety and efficacy.
• Baroreflex activation therapy, endovascular baroreflex amplification, carotid body ablation, and pacemaker-mediated control are developing technologies.
• Central nervous system control and non-sympathetic hemodynamic interventions warrant further investigation.

Conclusions:

• Renal denervation is nearing clinical availability for hypertension treatment.
• Further human data are needed for other neuromodulatory therapies.
• Investigating central nervous system pathways and hemodynamic interventions offers future potential for hypertension control.