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PMD estimation and its enabled feedforward adaptive equalization based on superimposed FrFT training sequences.

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    Fractional Fourier transform training sequences enable simultaneous time synchronization and polarization mode dispersion estimation. This method reduces adaptive equalizer power consumption by over 50%.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical communication systems
    • Signal processing in telecommunications

    Background:

    • Polarization mode dispersion (PMD) significantly impacts optical signal quality.
    • Accurate PMD estimation is crucial for effective signal equalization.
    • Existing methods may be sensitive to noise or limited in dynamic range.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a novel method for simultaneous time synchronization and PMD estimation using Fractional Fourier Transform (FrFT) training sequences (TSs).
    • To evaluate the performance of this method in a high-speed optical system.
    • To leverage the estimated PMD for optimizing adaptive equalization and reducing power consumption.

    Main Methods:

    • Superimposing FrFT TSs with data signals for joint time synchronization and PMD estimation.
    • Experimental verification in a 30 GBaud/s polarization-multiplexed quadrature phase shift keying (PDM-QPSK) system.
    • Utilizing estimated PMD to adapt the number of taps in a feedforward adaptive equalizer (FFD-AEQ).

    Main Results:

    • Simultaneous estimation of time synchronization and PMD achieved without sacrificing spectrum efficiency.
    • Robust PMD estimation against amplifier spontaneous emission (ASE) noise across a wide PMD range (0-108 ps).
    • Experimental root mean square error (RMSE) for PMD estimation of 5.6 ps.
    • A 52.6% reduction in power consumption for the tap-varied AEQ compared to a tap-fixed AEQ.

    Conclusions:

    • FrFT TSs offer a robust and efficient approach for simultaneous time synchronization and PMD estimation in high-speed optical systems.
    • Prior PMD information enables optimized adaptive equalization, leading to significant power savings.
    • The proposed scheme demonstrates practical feasibility and performance benefits for optical communication.