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Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station
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Integrated multi-beam optical phased array based on a 4  ×  4 Butler matrix.

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    Researchers developed a novel silicon-based multi-beam optical phased array (MOPA) using a Butler matrix. This technology enables large-scale, aliasing-free beam steering for applications in optical communication and sensing.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Optical Engineering
    • Integrated Optics
    • Antenna Arrays

    Background:

    • Optical phased arrays (OPAs) are crucial for beam steering in various applications.
    • Existing OPA designs often face challenges with complexity and scalability.
    • Silicon photonics offers a promising platform for integrated optical devices.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design and demonstrate the first silicon-based multi-beam optical phased array (MOPA) with a Butler matrix beamforming network.
    • To achieve large-scale, aliasing-free beam steering with reduced complexity.
    • To evaluate the performance of simultaneous multi-beam operation.

    Main Methods:

    • Integration of a 4x4 Butler matrix beamforming network with a 1D end-fire array of 16 emitters and phase shifters.
    • Sharing emitters among multiple beams to enable efficient beam steering.
    • Experimental validation of individual and simultaneous multi-beam steering capabilities.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstration of the first silicon-based MOPA with a Butler matrix.
    • Achieved aliasing-free beam steering with a field of view up to 46 degrees.
    • Steering envelope showed a plateau with peak intensity fluctuations within 0.5 dB during individual beam operation.
    • Successful evaluation of simultaneous multi-beam performance.

    Conclusions:

    • Validated the feasibility of beamforming-network-based MOPAs.
    • The developed MOPA is suitable for applications requiring precise optical beam control.
    • Promising for future advancements in light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and free-space optical communication.